Sofia Zoo

Sofia Zoo in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, was founded by royal decree on 1 May 1888, and is the oldest and largest zoological garden in southeastern Europe. It covers 36 hectares (89 acres) and, in March 2006, housed 4,850 animals representing 840 species.

Initially, the zoo was located in the park of the former royal palace, with the primary attraction being a Eurasian black vulture caught in Bulgaria and exhibited in a cage in the garden. Later, pheasants and deer were added to the collection, but since the exhibits and facilities of the time proved inadequate to accommodate a pair of brown bears, Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria ordered a grant of land to be awarded to Sofia Zoo on the grounds of the former botanical garden, then in the outskirts of the city.

Sofia Zoo's exhibition of animals constantly increased, with both local and foreign species being added, most notably a pair of lions in 1892, which were housed in a former stable and a lion cub was born the same year.

Between 1893 and 1895, new cages and buildings were constructed to accommodate the ever-increasing collection of birds and mammals, including a solid three-room stone building in the back of the terrain designed to be inhabited by bears (1894), a pool where a few pink-backed pelicans lived, a building to accommodate pheasants and another one for eagles (1895).

Sofia Zoo moved from its original (and smaller) location in the centre of the city to a new 36-hectare (89-acre) site about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of Sofia in 1982.

Grazing animals

The zoo has some 80 individuals representing 20 grazing species, including white rhinos, hippopotamus, elephant, zebras, red deer, ibex, wild boar, dromedary camels, and American bison.

Primates

Primates are housed in two pavilions. The zoo has 93 individuals representing 19 species, including ring-tailed lemurs, yellow baboons, common marmoset, and macaques.

Predators

The predator sector houses big cats, bears and small predators, including lions, tigers, leopards, pumas and brown bears.

Penguins

In January 2011 the zoo received eight Humboldt penguins on loan from Germany. The penguins are on loan for about 18 months, after which they will be returned, with any offspring to stay at the zoo.

Birds

The zoo has some 1,400 individual birds representing 192 species. Waterbirds are housed in a 1.5-hectare (3.7-acre) lake, and Imperial eagles, Griffon vultures, Egyptian vultures and buzzards in a large walk-through aviary. Other species of birds at the zoo include ostriches, Silver pheasants, peacocks, flamingos, blue-and-yellow macaws, owls, cockatoos and cockatiels.

The zoo's veterinary clinic includes a separate entrance and is accessible to the public without entry to the zoo.
Sofia Zoo is currently in the process of upgrading its facilities to meet current European standards in preparation for becoming a full member of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA).
In 2009, the central heating at the zoo was shut down because the gas supply into the country was stopped by Russia due to a pricing dispute. About a third of the 1,300 animals at the zoo were vulnerable to the resulting cold and employees had to find portable electric and oil heaters to heat their enclosures.